Direct modulation of a laser 1 has always been used in optical telecommunications. Although distance–capacity product capabilities using this approach have been limited, it represents a very ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of ...

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As a next-generation optical archive storage device for 8K video, we have been researching and developing holographic memory. Recent studies have focused on multi-level code instead of binary code to ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Due to efficiency, quality, and cost, digital communications systems play a major role in telecommunications, especially wireless services. With most digital modulation schemes represented as in-phase ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...