A decade before an iceberg shattered the hull plates of the Titanic and half a century before a plague of brittle fractures started sinking Liberty ships during World War II, scientists in the United ...

Charpy testing is a method for determining the relative impact strength of metals. It is also known as the Charpy V notch test. This testing method was developed in the 1940s by S.B. Russell and G.

Zwick robotic testing system 'roboTest R' with two Zwick pendulum impact testers PSW750 and temperature baths for notched bending impact tests according to Charpy with metal specimens according to ...

The impact response of composite materials was of only minor interest prior to the introduction of carbon fiber in the mid-1960s. Before that time, the composites in use were primarily reinforced with ...