The solid line is the true vertical (perpendicular to the road), while the dotted line drawn through the ball joint centers indicates the inclination of the steering axis. Suspension systems in ...

Why does front-end alignment seem like black magic? Yet it’s nothing more than tire and wheel angle and how they relate to the road. Alignment is complex because of what happens to wheel and tire ...

After successfully bolting up some fresh new springs and dampers to my BMW 128i, it was time to seal the deal and get the car properly aligned. This would be the first time I’ve taken a ...

Front-end alignment is an old term. These days, most reputable shops do what's known as a computerized four-wheel alignment to check tracking in all four corners. This is performed by a sophisticated ...

Larger negative angles, approaching -11°, and greater weight combine to make stiffer steering. On heavier cars, like Buicks, with overfed power steering, a high negative angle is desirable; without it ...