The advent of all‐optical modulation format conversion techniques has fundamentally reshaped modern optical communications. These techniques enable the direct manipulation of optical signals in their ...

In many ways, high-speed optical communications are following the path that wireless technology has blazed. Of course, optical and wireless networks use different technologies to deal with specific ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. The distribution of content involves the need to adapt digital information to its means of ...

Binary FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) and PSK(Phase Shift keying) are extensively used in telecommunication for digital data transmission. FSK/PSK modulator circuits usually employ analogue components ...

Last month, I introduced an 8-PSK example. As I showed, the 8-PSK example appears to be the combination of coding and modulation that's the basis for Trellis-coded modulation (TCM). However, it's not ...