The proton gradients that power respiration are as universal as the genetic code itself, giving an insight into the origin of life and the singular origin of complexity. Why do virtually all cells ...

A team of specialists in nano-sized rotational motors have directly visualized the process of pumping sodium ions, enabling them to explain why there had up until now appeared to be a structural ...

Protons, the positively charged particles that help build every atom in our bodies, are starting to look less like classical billiard balls and more like quantum actors. A growing body of research now ...