Researchers have for the first time made high-resolution images of the earliest stages of bone formation. They used the world's most advanced electron microscope to make three-dimensional images of ...

Researchers have carried out the first detailed study of the molecular mechanisms responsible for formation of the brachiopod shell. Comparison with shell synthesis in other groups reveals the deep ...

Tsukuba, Japan—Mollusks exhibit diverse shell morphologies, such as those seen in bivalves (e.g., clams) and gastropods (e.g., snails). Understanding the mechanisms underlying shell formation requires ...

Fact: More carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air also acidifies the oceans. It seemed to be the logical conclusion that shellfish and corals will suffer, because chalk formation becomes more difficult in ...