Atmospheric air will enter a refrigeration system any time it is opened for service or any time a new system is being assembled. Atmospheric air contains nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor, all of ...

Smarter measurement supports more efficient, safer and more sustainable operations, extending service life and enhancing uptime, whatever the industry sector. Behind the scenes, it is also helping to ...

Measuring phase noise with a spectrum analyzer. The primary advantage of dedicated phase-noise analyzers. The cross-correlation method. Using a spectrum analyzer is the oldest, most straightforward, ...

In most applications, level measurements need to be quantified and sent electronically to an automation system, which requires some type of instrument. Sorting through the instrument selection process ...

Why is calibration important? How calibration techniques have changed over time. A timeline showing the evolution of calibration from the beginning would have to start hundreds of years ago (Fig. 1).

A pressure transmitter can be used to establish the liquid level in a river, tank, well, or other body of liquid. The pressure at the bottom of a liquid filled container is directly connected to the ...