A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) occurs when a connection between the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that connects the throat to the stomach) forms during fetal development before birth.

Deep in the womb, about the time that the human embryo is, in its entirety, about the size of a peppercorn, a tube sprouts in the rapidly evolving realm of its primitive lungs. As the tube grows, two ...

IN 1931, I performed an autopsy on a five-month-old baby who had had wheezing respirations since birth and had recently developed difficulty in swallowing. At this examination a ring of blood vessels ...

Ramiah Martin isn't like other little girls, and that's perfectly fine with her mother. "She is nothing short of a miracle," Leanne Martin said of her daughter, who was facing long odds before her ...

WEBVTT TECHNOLOGY TO HELP HER SURVIVE. ANNE: RAMIAH MARTIN’S STORY IS REMARKABLE. >> SOME COMBINATION OF GOOD THINKING, GOOD CARE, AND DIVINE INTERVENTION. ANNE: THAT COMBINATION CAME TOGETHER AT PENN ...