Millions of people worldwide are periodically or chronically affected by gut-related conditions, such as irritable bowel ...

Caltech researchers have identified a novel chemical reaction that could explain the formation of the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the molecules that encode all of life's functions. The work is an ...

To transmit excitatory signals, nerve cells mostly use glutamate as a neurotransmitter. To detect these transmitter signals, ...

Cities are dynamic, not static grids, and urbanization is a "spiky," cyclical, and asynchronous process.

Early biological systems likely relied on RNA molecules to copy themselves and drive simple chemical reactions. Any system that could generate guanosine-triphosphate (GTP)—which is necessary for RNA ...

Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) represents a spontaneous light emission process occurring in biological systems, mainly originating from oxidative ...