Particle physics is the study of the elementary building blocks of matter and radiation and their interaction. The fundamental particles are summarised by the standard model. This includes leptons ...

Theoretical particle physics is the development of models for describing fundamental particles and their interactions. This includes testing and refining the prevailing theory: the standard model.

Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms can exist on their own or together as molecules. Atoms are very small and around 100,000,000 of them end to end would measure 1 centimetre.

Abstract: Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the most well-regarded swarm-based algorithms in the literature. Although the original PSO has shown good optimization performance, it still ...

Akamatsu, T. and Oyama, Y. (2024) A fluid-particle decomposition approach to matching market design for crowdsourced delivery systems. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 166: 104738 ...

Abstract: We design and develop a new Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method for plasma simulations using Deep-Learning (DL) to calculate the electric field from the electron phase space. We train a Multilayer ...