Understanding Earth's Crust Earth's crust ranges from 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness and serves as the planet's outermost ...

Scientists have uncovered new information about the Earth's core: it may not be completely solid. Instead, its center may be more malleable than expected and has changed shape in recent years. These ...

New research reveals that carbon made it possible for Earth’s molten core to freeze into a solid heart, stabilizing the magnetic field that protects our planet. Without it, Earth’s deep interior — and ...

Russell has a PhD in the history of medicine, violence, and colonialism. His research has explored topics including ethics, science governance, and medical involvement in violent contexts. Russell has ...

A study by researchers at the University of Oxford, University of Leeds, and University College London has identified a new constraint on the chemistry of Earth's core, by showing how it was able to ...