Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital under the Mamluk Sultanate. The modern Syrian state was established in the mid-20th century after centuries of Ottoman rule, as …

4 days ago · The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that, by November 2017, more than 5.3 million Syrian refugees had left the country as a result of the Syrian Civil War.

2 days ago · The Syrian government has retaken swathes of northern and eastern Syria from Kurdish forces.

2 days ago · The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces have fallen from power in Syria as the U.S. shifts its backing to the country's new leaders in Damascus.

3 days ago · Syria announces ceasefire agreement with Kurd-led SDF after heavy fighting Agreement will see government takeover of SDF-controlled areas, and SDF integration into Syrian military.

Jan 5, 2026 · Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

2 days ago · Hours later, the Syrian government and the SDF announced a new four-day truce after a previous ceasefire between government forces broke down.

Nov 19, 2025 · What began as protests against President Assad’s regime in 2011 quickly escalated into a full-scale war between the Syrian government—backed by Russia and Iran—and anti-government …

Jan 7, 2025 · 2011 - Outbreak of the Syrian civil war. Inspired by the "Arab Spring" uprisings, confrontation between the government and opposition soon develops into a multi-sided fight …

Feb 7, 2023 · Physical map of Syrian Arab Republic showing major cities, terrain, national parks, rivers, and surrounding countries with international borders and outline maps.