Jolly Phonics teaches letter sounds in 7 groups to help children read and write step by step: 1. Group 1: s, a, t, i, p, n – First sounds taught; children can quickly start blending simple words. 2. Group 2: c/k, e, h, r, m, d – Builds more blending skills and introduces harder sounds. 3. Group 3: g, o, u, l, f, b – Expands word-building and reading confidence. 4. Group 4: ai, j, oa, ie, ee, or – Introduces first long vowel sounds and alternatives. 5. Group 5: z, w, ng, v, oo (short), oo (long)