🔹The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial deformities requiring orthognathic surgery, being crucial for achieving a functional and stable long-term occlusion. Pre-existing conditions such as disc displacement, retrodiscitis, or condylar resorption must be identified before surgery, as they can worsen after mandibular advancement or improper rotation. In fact, patients with Class II malocclusion or open bite are at higher risk of con